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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-1330</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-1330</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
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    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.48313/uda.v3i1.97</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Mixed uncertainty modeling, Fuzzy set theory, Hybrid uncertainty modeling, Multistage decision framework, Supply chain optimization.</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dynamic Stochastic-Fuzzy Optimization for Inventory Decision Systems under Mixed Uncertainty</article-title><subtitle>Dynamic Stochastic-Fuzzy Optimization for Inventory Decision Systems under Mixed Uncertainty</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Behera</surname>
		<given-names>Janardan</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of statistics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2026 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Dynamic Stochastic-Fuzzy Optimization for Inventory Decision Systems under Mixed Uncertainty</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			This paper formulates a dynamic programming model of an inventory system in a mixed uncertainty environment where stochasticity and non-stationarity are present in a structurally different manner. The aleatory uncertainty due to demand and supply variation is modeled by stochastic processes, while the epistemic uncertainties on the cost parameters, on the service level goals, and on the managerial risk perception are represented by fuzzy sets. The proposed model integrates these two forms of uncertainty within a unified multistage decision framework and formulates a cost minimization problem that evolves through state-dependent inventory dynamics. Rigorous theoretical development is presented to establish the well-posedness of the optimization problem and to characterize fundamental properties of the optimal policy under hybrid uncertainty. A numerical example using real inventory data, along with a graphical analysis and a detailed sensitivity analysis, illustrates the applicability of the proposed model. The insights show the impact of mixed uncertainty considerations on optimal replenishment policy and also provide practical guidance to decision makers in complex and information-imperfect supply chain scenarios
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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