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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-1330</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-1330</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"> https://doi.org/10.48313/uda.v1i1.31</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>State variable, Mean arrival rate, Time, Time-dependent root parameter, PSFFA, Ultra-low latency, Autonomous driving service</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Stability and randomness of nonstationary D/M/1 queue's GI/M/1 PSFFA model with ultra-low latency for autonomous driving</article-title><subtitle>Stability and randomness of nonstationary D/M/1 queue's GI/M/1 PSFFA model with ultra-low latency for autonomous driving</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>A Mageed</surname>
		<given-names>Ismail</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>School of Computer Science, AI, and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, United Kingdom.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Becheroul</surname>
		<given-names>Amina</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatic, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Algeria.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2024 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Stability and randomness of nonstationary D/M/1 queue's GI/M/1 PSFFA model with ultra-low latency for autonomous driving</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			The current work reveals the fine-tuning between stability zones and randomness of the GI/M/1 Pointwise Stationary Fluid Flow Approximation (PSFFA) model of the nonstationary D/M/1 queueing system. More specifically, this provides more insights into developing a contemporary PSFFA theory that unifies nonstationary queueing theory with chaos theory and fields in theoretical physics and chaotic systems. This opens new grounds for stability analysis of nonstationary queueing systems. A notable application of the GI/M/1 queueing model to achieve ultra-low latency of autonomous driving service is highlighted. Concluding remarks are given on future avenues of research.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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